Research Methods & Translation
How findings move from bench to bedside — preclinical models, trial phases, biomarkers, peer review, and reproducibility.
- 01
Preclinical models
What animal models can and cannot tell you about human regeneration.
- 02
Bench to bedside
The pathway from laboratory observation to clinical use, and where it usually breaks.
- 03
Clinical trial phases
What each stage of clinical testing is actually designed to answer.
- 04
Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints
Measuring something easy in place of something that matters — useful, and quietly dangerous.
- 05
Peer review and the evidence hierarchy
What peer review does, what it does not do, and how evidence is ranked.
- 06
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Synthesising a whole literature rather than trusting a single study.
- 07
Reproducibility in biomedical research
Why a substantial share of published findings do not replicate — and what reduces the risk.
- 08
How to read a research paper
A practical order of operations for judging a study without taking its abstract at face value.