Metabolic & Incretin Science
The biology of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP and the receptor agonists studied for glycemic control and weight regulation.
- 01
The incretin effect
The observation that started incretin science: glucose taken by mouth triggers far more insulin than the same glucose given intravenously.
- 02
GLP-1 receptor agonists
How GLP-1 works, and why molecules mimicking it became central to metabolic research.
- 03
GIP and its receptor
The other incretin hormone — long overshadowed by GLP-1, now central to combination approaches.
- 04
Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists
Engineering one molecule to engage two incretin receptors — and what head-to-head data showed.
- 05
Triple agonists: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon
Adding glucagon receptor activity to incretin agonism — using a hormone long considered the opposition.
- 06
Gastric emptying and satiety signaling
The gut-brain routes through which incretin signaling reduces food intake.
- 07
Metabolic syndrome
The cluster of findings — central adiposity, dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, raised blood pressure — that tend to travel together.
- 08
Cardiovascular and renal findings in incretin research
Why outcome trials — not surrogate markers — reshaped how incretin science is understood.